Symbolism is a key literary device used extensively in poetry. It refers to the use of symbols to signify abstract ideas and concepts, giving them tangible meanings. Symbols allow poets to add deeper layers of meaning to their work, beyond just the literal interpretation of the words. Analyzing symbolism in poetry requires a close reading of the text, an understanding of the symbols used, and linking the symbols to the overall theme and meaning of the poem. This brief guide will walk through the key steps involved in analyzing symbolism in poetry.
Look forRecurring Motifs and Images
The first step in analyzing symbolism in poetry is to look for recurring motifs and images throughout the poem. Pay attention to particular objects, characters, colors, places or ideas that are repeatedly mentioned. For example, if the image of the sun keeps appearing, it likely represents something broader than just mentions of the sun. Some other common symbolic images in poetry include seasons (spring – rebirth, winter – old age), weather (storms – turmoil, calm – peace), animals (wisdom, strength), plants (growth, life cycle), and colors (red – passion, green – nature). Make a note of any repeating motifs and images that seem to carry deeper symbolic meanings.
Consider the Title and Structure of the Poem
The title and structure of the poem can provide useful clues about potential symbolism. For instance, a poem titled ‘The Road Not Taken’ signals that the concept of a path or journey in life may be symbolically significant. The rhythm and structure of lines can also emphasize symbolic ideas, like a repeated refrain drawing attention to a particular image. Analyze how the poet uses the title, form, rhyme and repetition in the poem to highlight symbolic motifs.
Research the Cultural Context and Background
Certain symbols take on cultural and historical significance, so having context on the poet’s background is key. For example, the seasons take on different meanings in different cultures – winter may symbolize death rather than old age. Similarly, images like the eagle and snake have symbolic meaning in Aztec culture that differ from other contexts. Researching details about the poet’s cultural influences and when the poem was written provides important clues to interpret the intended symbolism.
Link Symbols to Broader Theme and Purpose
The most important step in analyzing symbolism in poetry is linking the symbols to a broader meaning or theme. Consider:
- What abstract ideas seem to be associated with the symbols?
- How do the symbols help convey the poem’s theme or message?
- What aspects of human nature or the human condition do the symbols evoke?
For example, roses symbolizing love is a common symbol across cultures and contexts. Think about the broader significance and purpose of the symbol in relation to the rest of the poem.
Examine Symbolism Through Literary Devices
Poets make deliberate use of literary devices to emphasize symbolic motifs. Examining the devices used can reveal deeper insight into the symbolism:
| Literary Device | How It Reveals Symbolism |
|---|---|
| Metaphor | Comparing two things directly, like “love is a rose” |
| Simile | Comparing two things with “like” or “as”, like “love is like a rose” |
| Personification | Giving human traits to non-human things, like “the trees sighed in the wind” |
| Imagery | Using vivid sensory descriptions to evoke symbolic meanings, like describing a “crystal cave” to portray being trapped |
Analyzing how devices like metaphor, simile, personification and imagery are used can provide greater understanding of the symbols in a poem.
Consider Alternate Interpretations
While some symbolic images have fairly fixed interpretations, many can be open to multiple meanings. For instance, a dove could symbolize peace, freedom, innocence or the presence of the divine. Think about alternate ways a reader may interpret the symbols in the poem, based on their differing cultural experiences, values and perspectives. Considering a range of possible meanings can lead to a richer analysis.
Conclusion
In summary, analyzing symbolism in poetry requires a multi-step approach:
- Identifying recurring symbolic motifs and images
- Researching the cultural context and background
- Linking symbols to the broader theme and meaning
- Examining how literary devices accentuate symbolism
- Considering alternate interpretations
Being attentive to the title, structure, devices, context and interpretive possibilities allows for a thoughtful analysis. Symbolism reveals the deeper layers of meaning poets skillfully embed into their works, making an understanding of symbolic analysis key for appreciating the richness of poetry.